Celastrol inhibits microglial pyroptosis and attenuates inflammatory reaction in acute spinal cord injury rats

Pyroptosis pathway is closely related to inflammation. However, Celastrol effect on pyroptosis pathway after spinal cord injury (SCI) are poorly understood. We studied the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Celastrol on acute spinal cord injury in rats, and its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-induced microgliosis. Our results show that Celastrol can improve the recovery of hindlimb motor function after SCI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and reduce the cavity area of spinal cord injury along with the neuronal loss. Celastrol simultaneously reduced the activation of microglia (especially M1 microglia) in the spinal cord, inhibited the pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3 ASC Caspase-1 GSDMD), reduced the release of TNF-α IL-1β and IL-18 inflammatory factors, and increased the release of IL10 cytokines. In vitro studies showed that Celastrol reduced the toxicity resulting from the administration of LPS with ATP to BV-2 cells, inhibited the pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3 Caspase-1 GSDMD), and inhibited the release of corresponding inflammatory factors. Finally, Celastrol can inhibit the expression of NFκB/p-p65 in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that Celastrol can attenuate the inflammatory response of the spinal cord after SCI, which is associated with inhibition of microglial activation and pyroptosis pathway. Further study to explore the use of Celastrol to treat SCI is warranted.     

Appearance of new CDC-reactive antibodies in patients waiting for kidney transplantation

BackgroundPatients awaiting kidney transplantation are regularly screened for HLA-antibodies, but there is scarce data about the optimal interval.MethodsResults from Complement-dependent cytotoxicity testing (CDC) for waitlisted patients were reviewed for increases in panel reactive antibodies (PRA) by at least 10%-points. Clinical records were screened for historic immunizing events and possible trigger factors preceding the PRA-increase. Additionally, non-pretransplanted men tested negative for HLA antibodies by solid-phase assays (SPA) out of their first two samples on the waiting list (“non-immunized men”) were evaluated for detection of HLA antibodies by SPA during their further stay on the waiting list.Results15,360 samples from 1928 patients tested by CDC were analyzed for changes in PRA. PRA-increases occurred most frequently in patients waitlisted recently for retransplantation (annual incidence 6%). Removal of previous transplants, severe infections and/or reduced immunosuppression triggered 65% of PRA-increases during the first year after waitlisting. Transfusions accounted for 55% of PRA-increases in later years. Leucocyte-reduced red blood cell units not only boosted historic antibodies, but even induced primary immunization. In the second part of the study, 6780 samples tested by SPA from 703 non-immunized men were evaluated for development of HLA-antibodies. Only 9 men (1.3%) turned HLA antibody-positive (annual incidence 0.4%).ConclusionA uniform screening interval does not fit all: Frequencies should be highest in patients newly waitlisted for re-transplant and lowest in non-immunized men. Transfused patients should be monitored closely for development of HLA-antibodies even if leukoreduced products are used.     

不育男性精浆总抗氧化能力与精子运动功能的关系

目的:研究不育男性精浆总抗氧化能力(TAC)与精子运动能力和方式之间的关系,探讨精浆TAC水平在男性生育中的临床意义。方法:113例精子密度正常的不育男性,28例正常生育男性作为对照组。精液于37℃液化后采用计算机辅助精液分析(CASA)系统进行精液常规分析,采用比色法进行精浆TAC分析。结果:正常生育组精浆TAC为(19.82±6.33)U,不育男性精子密度正常组精浆TAC为(14.37±8.45)U,不育男性精子密度正常组与正常生育组比较存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。精浆TAC与a级精子百分率(r=0.208,P<0.05)和(a+b)级精子百分率(r=0.231,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,精浆TAC与精子运动参数中的前向性(r=0.200,P<0.05)、直线性(r=0.208,P<0.05)、曲线速度(r=0.189,P<0.05)、直线速度(r=0.210,P<0.05)、平均移动速度(r=0.215,P<0.05)及鞭打频率(r=-0.248,P<0.01)之间有显著的相关性,其中前向性、直线性、直线速度、曲线速度、平均移动速度与TAC呈正相关(P<0.05),而鞭打频率与TAC呈负相关(P<0.01)。精浆TAC与摆动性、侧摆幅度、平均移动角度之间无显著相关。结论:精浆中TAC水平与精子运动能力和运动方式密切相关,适宜的精浆TAC为精子运动提供了良好的外部环境,精浆中过低的TAC水平与精子运动能力下降和运动方式改变有关,可能是引起男性不育的病因之一。精浆中TAC分析可为探讨男性不育的发病机制以及临床用药提供依据。     

支架及无支架条件下构建组织工程软骨的研究进展

支架材料的研究是组织工程的研究热点之一,软骨细胞复合培养给组织工程软骨的构建带来希望,单一的材料诸如胶原、透明质酸、壳聚糖、纤维蛋白凝胶等已经证明可以与软骨细胞复合培养,两种或者多种材料复合可以提高材料的性能,更好地用于组织工程软骨的构建,并满足软骨缺损修复的需要;同样,在无支架情况下应用软骨细胞聚集培养、沉淀培养的方法,可以构建组织工程软骨,并给软骨缺损的修复带来新希望,但目前的研究较少。两者是组织工程软骨构建的两个主要方向。     

4例SRY阳性的46,XX男性综合征患者临床及细胞分子遗传学研究

目的:探讨SRY阳性的46,XX男性综合征患者的临床及细胞分子遗传学特征。方法:分析4例SRY阳性的46,XX男性综合征患者的临床特点,并进行染色体核型分析、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、SRY基因检测、Y染色体微缺失等细胞和分子遗传学检测。结果:4例患者社会性别均为男性,身材低于正常男性均值。均因不育就诊,双侧睾丸体积小、质地软,精液检查均为无精子症。阴茎发育正常。性激素检查示高促性腺激素性性腺功能不全。染色体核型均为46,XX,Y染色体微缺失检测示AZFa,b,c区域均缺失。SRY基因均存在,FISH结果3例患者显示SRY基因易位于X染色体短臂。结论:SRY阳性的46,XX男性综合征患者常为男性表型,但睾丸发育不良,多伴有身材矮小和不育。患者的男性表型是由于基因组中存在SRY基因。无精子表型是由于缺失AZF。Y染色体长臂上可能存在与身高相关的基因。深入进行细胞、分子遗传学研究有助于揭示46,XX男性综合征基因型-表型的关系。     

多媒体技术在护理心理学教学中的作用

阐述了在护理心理学教学中应用多媒体技术进行教学的作用。     

Irreversible compression in digital radiology. A literature review

The purpose of this literature review was to explore the research conducted to date on the use of irreversible compression in digital diagnostic radiology.The degree of research on the use of irreversible compression in digital radiology is still in its infancy, since the technologies for digital radiology are still evolving. However, 90 papers reviewed address research examining the use of various compression ratios on image quality and observer performance on several detection tasks such as identifying structures and lesion detection, on chest, CT, skeletal, angiography, mammography, MRI, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and teleradiology images.In general the results of these studies show that image types in digital radiology are different based on their mode of generation, as well as their spatial and contrast resolution, determined by their matrix size/pixel size, and bit depth, respectively. Furthermore, there are several forms of irreversible compression algorithms, and they are not all equal in terms of performance. Additionally, of the three evaluation methods used to measure observer performance on compressed images, the ROC methodology is most commonly used.Some types of images such as digitized chest images, CT, MRI and ultrasound images have different “compression tolerance” and therefore a single compression ratio cannot be assigned to a modality, even for a given organ system. Chest images for example can be compressed at ratios as high as 10:1–20:1 using CR and DR without compromising image quality. Other image types such as CT images for example, can be compressed at ratios as high as 20:1 in the detection of coronary artery calcification. The results of these studies would appear to indicate that image compression in digital radiology would have to be optimized based on the types of images being generated, interpreted for primary diagnosis, stored, and transmitted to remote sites for clinical review by physicians other than radiologists.     

中国维和部队士兵性观念和性心理的调查研究

目的:掌握中国维和部队士兵性观念和性心理状况,力图加以正确引导和心理干预。方法:在维和任务中期,采用自编问卷,对314名中国驻利比里亚维和士兵进行性观念和性心理方面的调查。结果:超过90%的士兵性知识来源于自学,部分士兵性知识相对缺乏,通过集训的学习,仍有77%的战士对“艾滋病”有恐惧感。与未婚士兵相比,已婚士兵显示出更成熟的性心理(P<0.05);而性观念上差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。结论:针对不同群体进行有效的心理干预和心理疏导,能让士兵理智地对待自己的性欲和愿望,把性能量升华为内在的工作动力,创造性地开展维和工作。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩多因素分析

目的 :对经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)后膀胱颈挛缩 (BNC)发生的各种可能因素进行分析 ,探讨减少该并发症的途径。　方法 :对 10 17例行TURP患者中发生BNC的 2 4例进行统计学分析 ,在手术方法、前列腺电切重量、单位时间前列腺组织电切重量、置管时间、高频发生器类型及有无糖尿病、尿潴留及前列腺炎等方面进行比较 ,了解其可能发生的因素。　结果 :TURP术后BNC发生率明显高于开放手术病例 ,小前列腺、单位电切时间长、高频发生器功率大及术前前列腺炎患者易发生BNC(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而术前尿潴留、糖尿病及术后置管时间对BNC发生无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :小前列腺、前列腺炎及电流损伤是发生BNC的重要因素 ,患者的选择及熟练精确的电切技术可减少BNC的发生。     

中药抑抗灵治疗抗精子抗体介导的免疫性不育的实验研究Ⅰ

目的 :观察中药抑抗灵对抗精子抗体 (AsAb)介导的免疫性不育的疗效。　方法 :在建立AsAb介导的免疫性不育动物模型的基础上 ,将新西兰兔随机分为 4组 ,即抑抗灵治疗组 ,强的松治疗组 ,未治疗组及阴性对照组。抑抗灵治疗组再随机分为 3组 ,即低剂量组 ,中剂量组和高剂量组。疗程均为 4 5d ,分别在治疗的第 15、30、4 5d检测原血清AsAb呈阳性的雄、雌兔血清AsAb ,计算转阴率 ;检测顺从采精雄兔的精子密度 ,活力 ,活动率及精浆AsAb。　结果 :在抑抗灵治疗的第 15、30、4 5d ,雄、雌兔血清AsAb转阴率低剂量组分别为 30 %、6 0 %、10 0 %和4 4 .4 %、77.8%、10 0 % ;中剂量组分别为 30 %、5 5 .6 %、87.5 %和 4 0 %、6 0 %、10 0 % ;高剂量组分别为 33.3%、6 6 .7%、10 0 %和 4 0 %、6 6 .7%、10 0 %。强的松治疗组雄、雌兔血清AsAb转阴率 15、30、4 5d为 30 %、6 0 %、10 0 %和 30 %、70 %、10 0 %。未经治疗的雄、雌兔AsAb的自然转阴率 15、30、4 5d分别为 0、10 %、2 0 %。经统计 ,未治疗组与抑抗灵 3个剂量组 4 5d比较 ,未治疗组与强的松治疗组 4 5d比较 ,同一剂量抑抗灵治疗 4 5d与 15d血清AsAb转阴率比较差异均有显著性 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。治疗完成后检测顺从采精雄兔精浆AsAb ,经抑抗灵低、中、高剂量治